In Estonia, we mostly have caves eroded by groundwater: they are abundant in the carbonate rock shore of Northern Estonia and in the deep valleys that intersect in it, as well as in the sandstone walls of Southern Estonia – in Tilleorg, Suur-Taevaskoda and Väike-Taevaskoda, Võhandu and Piusa valleys, Koorküla, Helme etc. Caves created by waves and wind set-down can be seen in the sandstone banks on the shores of Lake Peipsi and Lake Võrtsjärv and in the carbonate rock cliffs of Northern and Western Estonia.
There are many artificial caves in Estonia, especially in the oil shale area of North-Eastern Estonia and in the area of sand mines in Piusa; the Sänna caves, the Kuke caves by the Pärnu River, and the Aruküla caves near Tartu are more widely known.
Includes the habitat type 91 (caves) according to Paal.